# Tirzepatide References — Full Citation List

> Complete reference list for the tirzepatide research and regulatory record on this site, with DOIs, PubMed URLs, and full citation details.

## Tirzepatide references — full citation list

The numbered references below correspond to inline citations [N] across all pages on this site. Each citation is sourced from the corpus used to build this site; DOIs and PubMed URLs are included where available for verification. [Tirzepatide references](/references) are also available in machine-readable form at `/llms.txt` and `/llms-full.txt`.

## References

[1] Coskun T, et al. LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: From discovery to clinical proof of concept. Mol Metab. 2018. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30473097/
[2] Frias JP, et al. Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34170647/
[3] Jastreboff AM, et al. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2022. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35658024/
[4] Aronne LJ, et al. Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40353578/
[5] Willard FS, et al. Tirzepatide is an imbalanced and biased dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist. JCI Insight. 2020. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32730231/
[6] Zeng Q, et al. Safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37908750/
[7] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Tirzepatide injection prescribing information (FDA label, type 2 diabetes indication). FDA Drugs@FDA. 2022. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/215866s000lbl.pdf
[8] Farzam K, Patel P. Tirzepatide (StatPearls). StatPearls [Internet], NCBI Bookshelf. 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585056/
[9] et al. Tirzepatide: A Novel, Once-weekly Dual GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. touchREV Endocrinol / Eur Endocrinol. 2022. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35949358/
[10] Pankratz J, et al. Population pharmacokinetics of the GIP/GLP receptor agonist tirzepatide. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38356317/
[11] Qaseem A, et al. Pharmacologic Treatments With Lifestyle Modifications in Nonpregnant Adults With Overweight or Obesity in Outpatient Settings: A Living Clinical Guideline From the American College of Physicians (April 2026). Ann Intern Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42296496/
[12] Nauck MA, et al. Glucagon-like receptor agonists and next-generation incretin-based medications: metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal benefits. Lancet. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41547366/
[13] Safwan M, et al. Gastrointestinal safety of semaglutide and tirzepatide vs. placebo in obese individuals without diabetes: a systematic review and meta analysis. Ann Saudi Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40189856/
[14] Shen P, et al. Gastrointestinal adverse events associated with tirzepatide: A bibliometric and pharmacovigilance analysis. PLoS One. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41894422/
[15] Almansour HA, et al. Real-World Safety Concerns of Tirzepatide: A Retrospective Analysis of FAERS Data (2022-2025). Healthcare (Basel). 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41008391/
[16] Gong J, et al. Risk of biliary diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes or obesity treated with tirzepatide: A meta-analysis. J Diabetes Investig. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39569606/
[17] Galli M, et al. Cardiovascular Effects and Tolerability of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 99,599 Patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40892610/
[18] Nassar M, et al. Decreased risk of recurrent acute pancreatitis with semaglutide and tirzepatide in people with type 2 diabetes or obesity with a history of acute pancreatitis: A propensity matched global federated TriNetX database-based retrospective cohort study. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39332263/
[19] Look M, et al. Body composition changes during weight reduction with tirzepatide in the SURMOUNT-1 study of adults with obesity or overweight. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39996356/
[20] Batsis JA, et al. Effect of Incretin-Based and Nonpharmacologic Weight Loss on Body Composition: A Systematic Review. Ann Intern Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41996180/
[21] Locatelli JC, et al. Incretin-Based Weight Loss Pharmacotherapy: Can Resistance Exercise Optimize Changes in Body Composition? Diabetes Care. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38687506/
[22] Berg S, et al. Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40186344/
[23] Aronne LJ, et al. Continued Treatment With Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Reduction in Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-4 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38078870/
[24] Horn DB, et al. Cardiometabolic Parameter Change by Weight Regain on Tirzepatide Withdrawal in Adults With Obesity: A Post Hoc Analysis of the SURMOUNT-4 Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41284285/
[25] Jalleh RJ, et al. Clinical Consequences of Delayed Gastric Emptying With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Tirzepatide. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39418085/
[26] et al. Hair Loss Associated With Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists. Cureus. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41111833/
[27] Kunutsor SK, et al. Safety and Tolerability of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review. Drugs. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41351656/
[28] Urva S, et al. Effects of Hepatic Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of the Dual GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Tirzepatide. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2022. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35674880/
[29] Rasouli N, et al. Tirzepatide for Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Without Obesity: A Post Hoc Analysis of the SURPASS Clinical Trials. Diabetes Ther. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40016573/

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An independent regulatory reading desk — the tirzepatide approval and trial record, cited to source, with no clinical role held.